Since March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, it’s the perfect time to educate individuals about the importance of regular screenings and the role surgery plays in treating this disease. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, affecting both men and women. Early detection through routine screening and timely surgical intervention can significantly improve survival rates and prevent complications.

This guide will cover colorectal cancer risk factors, screening methods, and surgical treatment options to help patients understand their choices for prevention and treatment.

Understanding Colorectal Cancer: Risk Factors and Symptoms

Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum and often develops from abnormal growths known as polyps. While some polyps remain benign, others can turn cancerous over time, making early detection crucial.

Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer

Certain factors can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. These include:

• Age: The majority of colorectal cancer cases occur in individuals over the age of 50.
• Family History: A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases the risk of developing the disease.
• Diet: A diet high in red and processed meats and low in fiber has been linked to an increased risk.
• Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and excess body weight can contribute to higher cancer risk.
• Smoking and Alcohol Use: Heavy alcohol consumption and smoking are associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis increase the likelihood of colorectal cancer.

Common Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer symptoms often appear in the later stages, making regular screening vital for early detection. Some common symptoms include:

• Persistent changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation
• Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
• Unexplained weight loss
• Abdominal discomfort, cramps, or bloating
• Fatigue and weakness
• A feeling of incomplete bowel movements

Since these symptoms can be caused by various conditions, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation.

The Importance of Colorectal Cancer Screening

Screening tests help detect colorectal cancer early, often before symptoms appear. When detected in its early stages, colorectal cancer is highly treatable.

Recommended Screening Methods

The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals at average risk begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. Those with higher risk factors may need to start screening earlier. Screening options include:

• Colonoscopy: A procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera examines the colon and rectum for polyps or cancerous growths. If polyps are found, they can be removed during the procedure.
• Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): A non-invasive stool test that detects hidden blood, which may indicate cancer or polyps.
• Stool DNA Test: This test detects abnormal DNA in stool samples, which may indicate colorectal cancer.
• CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): A special CT scan that provides detailed images of the colon and rectum to check for abnormalities.
• Sigmoidoscopy: A procedure similar to a colonoscopy but only examines the lower part of the colon.

Surgical Treatment Options for Colorectal Cancer

For patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, surgery is often the primary treatment, especially for localized tumors. The type of surgery performed depends on the size, stage, and location of the tumor.

Types of Colorectal Cancer Surgery

• Polypectomy: If cancer is detected in a polyp during a colonoscopy, it may be removed immediately using specialized instruments.
• Local Excision: Early-stage cancers that haven’t spread beyond the superficial layers of the colon or rectum may be removed using a minimally invasive approach.
• Colectomy: A colectomy involves removing a section of the colon containing the tumor. The healthy ends of the colon are then reconnected.
• Proctectomy: In cases of rectal cancer, part or all of the rectum may be removed, depending on the tumor’s location.
• Colostomy or Ileostomy: If reconnecting the intestines isn’t possible immediately after surgery, a temporary or permanent stoma may be created to allow waste to exit the body.

Minimally Invasive Techniques in Colorectal Surgery

Many colorectal cancer surgeries can now be performed using minimally invasive techniques, reducing recovery time and surgical risks. These approaches include:

• Laparoscopic Surgery: Small incisions are made, and a camera guides the surgeon in removing cancerous tissue with precision.
• Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Robotic technology enhances precision and control, making it an effective option for colorectal procedures.
• Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM): A minimally invasive technique used for removing small tumors in the rectum.

Recovery and Post-Surgical Care

Recovery from colorectal surgery depends on the type of procedure performed, the patient’s overall health, and whether complications arise. Patients can expect:

• Hospital Stay: A hospital stay of a few days to a week is typical, depending on the type of surgery.
• Dietary Adjustments: Patients may need to follow a special diet temporarily to allow the digestive system to heal.
• Pain Management: Pain medications are prescribed to manage discomfort after surgery.
• Physical Activity: Light movement is encouraged to prevent blood clots, but strenuous activity should be avoided for several weeks.
• Follow-Up Care: Regular follow-ups with a surgeon and oncologist help monitor recovery and detect any potential recurrence.

Preventing Colorectal Cancer

While surgery is an effective treatment for colorectal cancer, prevention is always the best approach. Some steps to lower your risk include:

• Eating a Healthy Diet: A diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables while limiting red and processed meats can reduce cancer risk.
• Staying Active: Regular physical activity can help lower the risk of colorectal cancer.
• Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Obesity is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer.
• Quitting Smoking and Limiting Alcohol: Reducing tobacco and alcohol use can significantly decrease cancer risk.
• Getting Regular Screenings: Screening is the most effective way to detect colorectal cancer early when it is most treatable.

Conclusion: Take Action for Colorectal Cancer Awareness

Colorectal cancer is a serious but highly preventable disease with early detection and appropriate treatment. Regular screenings, a healthy lifestyle, and timely surgical intervention can significantly improve outcomes and save lives. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms or are due for screening, consult with a colorectal specialist today.

For expert colorectal cancer screening and surgical treatment in Manhattan, contact Lenox Hill Surgeons today to schedule a consultation.

Contact Information

LENOX HILL SURGEONS LLP
155 East 76th Street
Suite 1C
New York, NY 10021
646-933-3224
Dr.Ginberg@lenoxhillsurgeons.com

Visit our website for more information: https://lenoxhillsurgeons.com/